titles may look like apposition, but are not: contrast professor Kim Smith with the professor Kim Smith, where the first is a title construction (see Compounding), while the second is apposition.
Compounding comprises a variety of (semantic) head–modifier structures that can often be paraphrased using overt prepositions. But in instances of compounding there is a syntactic construction contributing an underspecified two-place relation.
but I don’t see a possible paraphrased of iPhone 14 using an overt preposition…
Commnents? I am preparing a presetation and this example is one I am using to compare AMR vs MRS… showing that AMR is not compositional and goes much beyond the grammar of English can license…
Just briefly, I see appos as linking two alternate descriptions of the same entity: My friend the poet is visiting. I see compound as setting up some kind of modification relation: garden dog is a dog in a garden, etc. The ERG also uses compound for the parts of names, and iPhone 14 is a name.
In this bit:
what we’re pointing out is that in the professor Kim Smith there are two full NPs referring to the same entity.
The line between compounding and apposition is a blurry one. For “the iPhone 14” example, the compound analysis is right, as @ebender notes, for the named entity “iPhone 14”. One often useful test for apposition is to invert the order of the two candidate NPs, which is normally okay for apposition, but fails for the alternative compound analysis. Here “I bought 14 the iPhone” is not felicitous, weighing against the apposition analysis. Contrast this example with “the integer 14 is even” with “14 the integer is even”.
